By the end of this conference the attendee will be able to:

1. Discuss the incidence and factors contributing to perioperative brain dysfunction.

2. Discuss the causes of cognitive impairment, how to recognize it early and how to measure the extent.

3. Discuss anesthetic techniques/strategies to reduce perioperative cognitive dysfunction.

4. Summarize potential benefits of regional anesthesia with respect to pediatric neurotoxicity.

5. Understand the various forms of preoperative stress tests available today.

6. Understand the evidence of red blood cells transfusion indications and the risks versus benefits of transfusions.

7. Discuss key barriers to Patient Blood Management and strategies to overcome them.

8. Differentiate between methods of analysis of genomic information with regard to pain.

9. Review recent evidence for truncal blocks for acute pain control after surgery.

10. Explain the rationale for the use of perineural adjuncts in ameliorating rebound pain, and prolonging analgesia.

11. Describe the history of controlled substances (opioids) and implication of current regulations.

12. Demonstrate evidence-based diagnostic and procedural ultrasound applications of relevance to anesthesiologists.

13. Demonstrate the ability to perform ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks on the upper and lower extremities and trunk.