Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology

Andreas Bäumler, Ph.D.

Andreas Bäumler, Ph.D.

Distinguished Professor
Vice Chair of Research
GBSF Room 5513
Davis Campus
530-754-7225
e-mail

Research Interests

Enteric Pathogens, the Host and its Gut Microbiota

Host responses during gastroenteritis. My laboratory has a long-standing history of pioneering new models and approaches to address key questions about the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis. When I started my faculty position in 1996, all major laboratories in the field studied Salmonella pathogenesis using the mouse model of typhoid fever. However, gastroenteritis, the disease S. Typhimurium causes in humans, was not being investigated at the molecular level. To fill this key gap in knowledge, we pioneered the use of a calf gastroenteritis model. Using this innovative approach, we identified the two type III secretion systems (T3SSs) of S. Typhimurium as the main virulence factors required for gastroenteritis. After moving my lab to UC Davis we collaborated with the Dandekar lab to established a Rhesus macaque model to show that T helper 17 (TH17) responses during S. Typhimurium-induced gastroenteritis were blunted by infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Further investigation of host responses induced by the TH17 cytokine interleukin (IL)-22 identified lipocalin-2 as an antimicrobial protein that places lipocalin-2 resistance mechanisms (i.e. salmochelin biosynthesis and uptake) under selection. In a collaboration with the Bevins lab using a transgenic mouse model we identified human α-defensin (HD) 6, a major product of intestinal paneth cells, as an antimicrobial peptide that inhibits S. Typhimurium invasion by entrapping bacteria in nano-nets. Finally, we identified many of the innate immune pathways that become activated during S. Typhimurium infection using a mouse colitis model. A recent example for this type of work is the discovery that the T3SS effector protein SopE triggers inflammation by activating the NOD1 signaling pathway.

Typhoid fever pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of typhoid fever is incompletely understood due to the lack of suitable animal models for the strictly human-adapted S. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). S. Typhimurium infection of mice is commonly used to model the pathogenesis of S. Typhi infections in humans (mouse typhoid model). However, a limitation of this approach is that S. Typhimurium does not cause typhoid fever in humans, but rather causes a localized gastroenteritis. As a result, S. Typhi-specific virulence mechanisms that set typhoid fever apart from human gastroenteritis remain understudied. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated S. Typhi-specific virulence genes. This research identified the viaBlocus, encoding the virulence-associated (Vi) capsular polysaccharide, as a S. Typhi-specific DNA region that enables the pathogen to evade innate immunity. We found that the viaB locus mediates innate immune evasion through two distinct mechanisms; one requires expression of the Vi capsular polysaccharide, and the other depends on TviA-mediated changes in virulence gene regulation. The drastic attenuation of host responses resulting from the viaB-mediated evasion of innate immune responses illuminates how S. Typhi disseminates from the intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream and helps explain why symptoms of acute gastroenteritis are typically absent during typhoid fever.

Interactions between Salmonella, the host and its microbiota. We were among the first to elucidate mechanisms explaining changes in the composition of gut-associated microbial communities during infection. This project emerged from our interest in the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis. The inflammatory response during gastroenteritis is accompanied by changes in the luminal environment, which tip the balance in the competition between S. Typhimurium and the resident microbiota in favor of the pathogen. The question of which mechanisms are responsible for these changes in the microbiota composition represents a high-impact topic that attracted our attention. Studies performed in collaboration with the Roth lab revealed that inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor, tetrathionate, which boosts growth of S. Typhimurium in the gut. While tetrathionate had been used empirically in clinical laboratories since 1923 to enrich Salmonella serovars in samples containing competing microbes, our work suggested that this function is part of a “business plan” defining the genus Salmonella. We went on to show that tetrathionate respiration enables S. Typhimurium to use an abundant simple substrate, ethanolamine, which is provided by the host. Subsequently we discovered that energy taxis enables S. Typhimurium to seek out favorable spatial niches containing host-derived electron acceptors and that the host inflammatory response depletes butyrate-producing Clostridia, which in turn elevates epithelial oxygenation thereby driving an aerobic luminal pathogen expansion that ensures transmission.

Changes in gut-associated microbial communities. Most recently we became interested in mechanisms that lower colonization resistance against Enterobacteriaceae. The human large intestine is host to a complex microbial community dominated by obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Antibiotic treatment or conditions of intestinal inflammation can lead to a microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) characterized by a marked decrease in the representation of obligate anaerobic bacteria and an increased relative abundance of facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as Enterobacteriaceae. We could demonstrate that antibiotic treatment and inflammatory host response selectively enhance growth of commensal Enterobacteriaceae through sugar oxidation and by generating respiratory electron acceptors. These findings have broad implications for understanding the mechanisms contributing to dysbiosis.

Graduate Group Affiliations

  • Ebehard-Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany, Diplom (B.S.) Microbiology
  • Ebehard-Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany, Dr. rer. nat. (Ph.D.) Microbiology
  • Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, Post-Doc Microbiology

A full list of publications can be found at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=baumler+aj

2021  Yoo, W., J.K. Zieba, N.J. Foegeding, T. P. Torres, C.D. Shelton, N.G. Shealy, A.J. Byndloss, S.A. Cevallos, E. Gertz, C.R. Tiffany, J.D. Thomas, Y. Litvak, H. Nguyen, E.E. Olsan, B.J. Bennett, J.C. Rathmell, A.S. Major, A.J. Bäumler and M.X. Byndloss. “High-fat diet-induced colonocyte dysfunction escalates microbiota-derived trimethylamine-N-oxide”. Science. 373:813-818.

2021  Tiffany, C.R., J.-Y. Lee, A.W.L. Rogers, E.E. Olsan, P. Morales, F. Faber and A.J. Bäumler. “The metabolic footprint of Clostridia and Erysipelotrichia reveals their role in depleting sugar alcohols in the cecum”. Microbiome. 9:174.

2021  Miller, B.M. and A.J. Bäumler. “The Habitat Filters of Microbiota-Nourishing Immunity”. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 39:1–18

2020  Lee, J.-Y., S.A. Cevallos, M.X. Byndloss, C.R. Tiffany, E.E. Olsan, B.P. Butler, B.M. Young, A.W.L. Rogers, H. Nguyen, K. Kim, S.-W. Choi, E. Bae, J. Hee Lee, U.-G. Min, D.-C. Lee and A.J. Bäumler. “High-fat diet and antibiotics cooperatively impair mitochondrial bioenergetics to trigger dysbiosis that exacerbates pre-inflammatory bowel disease”. Cell Host & Microbe. 28(2):273-284.

2020  Miller, B.M., M.J. Liou, L.F. Zhang, H. Nguyen, Y. Litvak, E.-M. Schorr1, K.K. Jang, C.R. Tiffany, B.P. Butler, A.J. Bäumler. “Anaerobic respiration of NOX1-derived hydrogen peroxide licenses bacterial growth at the colonic surface”. Cell Host & Microbe. 28(6):789-797.

2019  Velazquez, E.M., H. Nguyen, K.T. Heasley, C.H. Saechao, L.M. Gil, A.W.L. Rogers, B.M. Miller, M.R. Rolston, C.A. Lopez, Y. Litvak, M.J. Liou, F. Faber, D.N. Bronner, C.R. Tiffany, M.X. Byndloss, A.J. Byndloss and A.J. Bäumler. “Endogenous Enterobacteriaceae underlie variation in susceptibility to Salmonella infection”. Nature Microbiology. doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0407-8.

2019  Yael Litvak, Khin K. Z. Mon, Henry Nguyen, Ganrea Chanthavixay, Megan Liou, Eric M. Velazquez, Laura Kutter, Monique A. Alcantara, Mariana X. Byndloss, Connor R. Tiffany, Gregory T. Walker, Franziska Faber, Yuhua Zhu, Renée M. Tsolis, Huaijun Zhou and Andreas J. Bäumler. “Commensal Enterobacteriaceae protect against Salmonella colonization by competing for oxygen”. Cell Host & Microbe. 25:128139.

2019  Litvak, Y., and A.J. Bäumler. “Microbiota-nourishing immunity: a guide to understanding our microbial self”. Immunity. 51:214-224.

2018  Litvak, Y., M.X. Byndloss and A.J. Bäumler. “Colonocyte metabolism shapes the gut microbiota”. Science. 362(6418). pii: eaat9076

2018  H. Hiyoshi, T. Wangdi G. Lock, C. Saechao, M. Raffatellu, B.A. Cobb and A.J. Bäumler. “Mechanisms to evade the phagocyte respiratory burst arose by convergent evolution in typhoidal Salmonella serovars”. Cell Reports. 22(7):1787-1797.

2018  Bronner, D.N., F. Faber, E.E. Olsan, M.X. Byndloss, N.A. Sayed, G. Xu, W. Yoo, D. Kim, S. Ryu, C.B. Lebrilla, A.J. Bäumler. “Genetic ablation of butyrate utilization attenuates gastrointestinal Salmonella disease”. Cell Host & Microbe. 23(2):266-273.e4.

2018  Zhu, W., M.G. Winter, M.X. Byndloss, L. Spiga, B.A. Duerkop, E.R. Hughes, E. de Lima Romão, C.L. Behrendt, C.A. Lopez, L. Sifuentes-Dominguez, K. Huff-Hardy, R.P. Wilson, C.C. Gillis, Ç. Tükel, A.Y. Koh, E. Burstein, L.V. Hooper, A.J. Bäumler and S.E. Winter. “Precision editing of the gut microbiota ameliorates colitis”. Nature. 553:208-211.

2018  Byndloss, M.X., and A.J. Bäumler. “The germ-organ theory of non-communicable diseases”. Nature Rev. Microbiol. 16:103-110.

2017  Byndloss, M.X.,  E.E. Olsan, F. Rivera-Chávez, C.R. Tiffany, S.A. Cevallos, K.L. Lokken, T.P. Torres, A.J. Byndloss, F. Faber, Y. Gao, Y. Litvak, C.A. Lopez, G. Xu, E. Napoli, C. Giulivi, R.M. Tsolis, A. Revzin, C. Lebrilla and A.J. Bäumler. “Microbiota-activated PPAR-γ-signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion”. Science. 357: 570-575.

2017  Faber, F., P. Thiennimitr, L. Spiga, M.X. Byndloss, Y. Litvak, S. Lawhon, H.L. Andrews-Polymenis, S.E. Winter and A.J. Bäumler. “Respiration of microbiota-derived 1,2-propanediol drives Salmonella expansion during colitis”. PLOS Pathogens. 13(1):e1006129.

2016  Lopez, C.A., B.M. Miller, F. Rivera-Chávez, E.M. Velazquez, M.X. Byndloss, A. Chávez-Arroyo, K.L. Lokken, R.M. Tsolis, S.E. Winter, A.J. Bäumler. “Virulence factors enhance Citrobacter rodentium expansion through aerobic respiration”. Science. 353:1249-1253.

2016  Rivera-Chávez, F., C.A. Lopez, L.F. Zhang, L. García-Pastor, A. Chávez-Arroyo, K.L Lokken, R.M. Tsolis, S.E. Winter and A.J. Bäumler. “Energy taxis towards host-derived nitrate supports a Salmonella pathogenicity island 1-independent mechanism of invasion”. mBIO. 19:e00960-16

2016  Faber, F., L. Tran, M.X. Byndloss, C.A. Lopez, E.M. Velazquez, T. Kerrinnes, S.-P. Nuccio, T. Wangdi, O. Fiehn, R.M. Tsolis and A.J. Bäumler. “Host-mediated sugar oxidation promotes post-antibiotic pathogen expansion”. Nature. 534:697-699.

2016  Bäumler, A.J. and V. Sperandio. “Microbiota-bacterial pathogen interactions in the gut”. Nature, 535:85-93.

2016  Rivera-Chávez, F., L.F. Zhang, F. Faber, C.A. Lopez, M.X. Byndloss, E.E. Olsan, G. Xu, E.M. Velazquez, C.B. Lebrilla, S.E. Winter and A.J. Bäumler. “Depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia from the gut microbiota drives an aerobic luminal expansion of Salmonella”. Cell Host & Microbe. 19:443-454.

2016  Keestra-Gounder, A.M., M.X. Byndloss, N.B. Seyffert, B.M. Young, A. Chávez-Arroyo, A.Y. Tsai, S.A. Cevallos, M.G. Winter, O.H. Pham, C.R. Tiffany, M.F. de Jong, T. Kerrinnes, R. Ravindran, P.A. Luciw, S.J. McSorley, A.J. Bäumler and R.M. Tsolis. “NOD1/NOD2 signaling links ER stress with inflammation”. Nature. 532:394-397.

2016  Song, J., C.L.Wilhelm, T. Wangdi, T. Maira-Litran, S.-J. Lee, M. Raetz, C.R. Sturge, J. Mirpuri, J. Pei, N.V. Grishin, S.J. McSorley,. A.T. Gewirtz, A.J. Bäumler, G.B. Pier, J.E. Galán, and F. Yarovinsky. “Absence of TLR11 in mice does not confer susceptibility to Salmonella Typhi”. Cell 164:827–828.

2015  Nuccio, S.-P. and A.J. Bäumler. “Reconstructing pathogen evolution from the ruins”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 112:647-648.

2015  Bevins. C.L. and A.J. Bäumler. ”What's one phosphate between friends (and foe)?” Cell Host & Microbe. 17:1-3.

2015  Keestra-Gounder, A.M., R.M. Tsolis and A.J. Bäumler. “Now you see me, now you don’t: The interaction of Salmonella serovars with pathogen recognition receptors”. Nature Rev. Microbiol. 13:206-216.

2014  Lopez, C.A., D.D. Kingsbury, E.M. Velazquez and A.J. Bäumler. “Collateral Damage: Microbiota-derived Metabolites and Immune Function in the Antibiotic Era”. Cell Host & Microbe. 16(2):156-163.

2014  Hirao, L.A, I. Grishina, O. Bourry, W.K. Hu, M. Somrit, S. Sankaran-Walters, C.A. Gaulke, A.N. Fenton, J.A. Li, R.W. Crawford, F. Chuang, R. Tarara, M. Marco, A.J. Bäumler, H. Cheng and S. Dandekar. “Early Mucosal Sensing of SIV Infection by Paneth Cells Induces IL-1b Production and Initiates Gut Epithelial Disruption”. PLOS Pathogens. 10: e1004311.

2014  Winter, S.E., M.G. Winter, V. Poon, A.M. Keestra, T. Sterzenbach, F. Faber, and A.J. Bäumler. “Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi conceals the invasion-associated type three secretion system from the innate immune system by gene regulation”. PLOS Pathogens. 10: e1004207.

2014  Wangdi, T, C.-Y. Lee, A.M. Spees, C. Yu, D.D. Kingsbury, S.E. Winter, C.J. Hastey, R.P. Wilson, V. Heinrich and A.J. Bäumler. “The Vi capsular polysaccharide enables Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi to evade microbe-guided neutrophil chemotaxis”. PLOS Pathogens. 10: e1004306.

2014  Lokken, K.L., R.M. Tsolis and A.J. Bäumler. ”Hypoferremia of infection: a double-edged sword?” Nature Medicine. 20:335-337.

2014  O’Donnell, H., O. Pham, L.-X. Li, S.-P. Nuccio, D. Monack, A.J. Bäumler, and S.J. McSorley. “Innate bactericidal capacity of Th1 cells is tuned by TLR and inflammasome signaling”. Immunity. 40: 213–224.

2014  Hirao, L.A, I. Grishina, O. Bourry, W.K. Hu, M. Somrit, S. Sankaran-Walters, C.A. Gaulke, A.N. Fenton, J.A. Li, R.W. Crawford, F. Chuang, R. Tarara, M. Marco, A.J. Bäumler, H. Cheng and S. Dandekar. “Early Mucosal Sensing of SIV Infection by Paneth Cells Induces IL-1b Production and Initiates Gut Epithelial Disruption”. PLOS Pathogens. 10: e1004311.

2014  Nuccio, S.-P. and A.J. Bäumler. “Comparative analysis of Salmonella genomes identifies a metabolic network for escalating growth in the inflamed gut”. mBIO. 5: e00929-14.

2014  Laughlin, R.C., L.A. Knodler, R. Barhoumi, H.R. Payne, J. Wu, G. Gomez, R. Pugh, S.D. Lawhon, A.J. Bäumler, O. Steele-Mortimer, L.G. Adams. “Spatial segregation of virulence gene expression during acute enteric infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium”. mBIO. 5: e00946-13.

2013  Keestra, A.M., M.G. Winter, J.J. Auburger, S.P. Fräßle, M.N. Xavier, S.E. Winter, A. Kim, V. Poon, M.M. Ravesloot, J. Waldenmaier, R.M. Tsolis, R.A. Eigenheer and A.J. Bäumler. “Manipulation of small Rho GTPases is a pathogen-induced process detected by Nod1”. Nature. 496:233-237.

2013  Sterzenbach, T., K.T. Nguyen, S.-P. Nuccio, M.G. Winter, C. Vakulskas, S. Clegg, T. Romeo and A.J. Bäumler. “A novel CsrA titration mechanism regulates fimbrial gene expression in Salmonella Typhimurium”. EMBO J. 32:2872-2883.

2013  Xavier, M.N., M.G. Winter, A.M. Spees, K. Nguyen, V.L. Atluri, T.A.M. Silva, A.J. Bäumler, W. Müller3, R.L. Santos2, R.M.Tsolis. “CD4+ T cell derived IL-10 promotes Brucella abortus persistence through modulation of macrophage function during early infection”. PLOS Pathogens. 9: e1003454.

2013  Crawford, R.W., T. Wangdi, A.M. Spees, M.N. Xavier, R.M. Tsolis and A.J. Bäumler. “Loss of very-long O-antigen chains optimizes capsule-mediated immune evasion by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi”. mBIO. 4: e00232-13.

2013  Spees, A.M., C.A. Lopez, D.D. Kingsbury, S.E. Winter and A.J. Bäumler. “Colonization resistance: battle of the bugs or ménage à trois with the host?” PLOS Pathogens. 9: e1003730

2013  Xavier, M.N., M.G. Winter, A.M. Spees, K. Nguyen, V.L. Atluri, A.B. den Hartigh, T.M. A. Silva, P.A. Luciw, D.M. Monack, A.J. Bäumler, R.L. Santos, R.M. Tsolis. “A PPARg-mediated increase in glucose availability sustains chronic Brucella abortus infection in alternatively activated macrophages”. Cell Host & Microbe. 14:159-170.

2013  Spees, A.M., T. Wangdi, C.A. Lopez, D.D. Kingsbury, M.N. Xavier, S.E. Winter, R.M. Tsolis and A.J. Bäumler. “Streptomycin-induced inflammation enhances Escherichia coli gut colonization through nitrate respiration”. mBIO. 4: e00430-13.

2013  Rivera-Chávez, F., S.E. Winter, C.A. Lopez, M.N. Xavier, M.G. Winter, J.M. Russell, R.C. Laughlin, S.D. Lawhon, T. Sterzenbach, C.L. Bevins, R.M. Tsolis, R. Harshey, L.G. Adams and A.J. Bäumler. “Salmonella uses energy taxis to benefit from intestinal inflammation”. PLOS Pathogens. 9(4): e1003267

2013  Winter, S.E., M.G. Winter, M.N. Xavier, P. Thiennimitr, V. Poon, A.M. Keestra, R. Laughlin, G. Gomez, J. Wu, S.D. Lawhon, I. Popova, S.J. Parikh, L.G. Adams, R.M. Tsolis, V.J. Stewart and A.J. Bäumler. “Host-derived nitrate boosts growth of E. coli in the inflamed gut”. Science. 339:708-711.

2012  Fang, F.C. and A.J. Bäumler. “A Toll gate for typhoid”. Cell. 151:473-475.

2012  Crawford, R.W., A.M. Keestra, S.E. Winter, M.N. Xavier, R.M. Tsolis, V. Tolstikov and A.J. Bäumler. “Very long O-antigen chains enhance fitness during Salmonella-induced colitis by increasing bile resistance”. PLOS Pathogens. 8: e1002918. (PMID: 23028318)

2012  Chu, H., M. Pazgier, G. Jung, S.-P. Nuccio, P.A. Castillo, M.F. de Jong, M.G. Winter, S.E. Winter, J. Wehkamp, B. Shen, N.H. Salzman, M.A. Underwood, R.M. Tsolis, G.M. Young, W. Lu, R.I. Lehrer, A.J. Bäumler, and C.L. Bevins. “Human α-defensin 6 promotes mucosal innate immunity through self-assembled peptide nanonets”. Science. 337:477-481. (PMID: 22722251)

2012  Lopez, C.A., S.E. Winter, F. Rivera-Chávez, M.N. Xavier, V. Poon, S.-P. Nuccio, R.M. Tsolis and A.J. Bäumler. “Phage-mediated acquisition of a type III secreted effector protein boosts growth of Salmonella by nitrate respiration”. mBIO. 3:e00143-12. (PMID: 22691391)

2012  Lee, S.-J., J.B McLachlan, J.R. Kurtz, D. Fan, S.E. Winter, A.J. Bäumler, M.K. Jenkins, and S.J. McSorley. “Temporal expression of bacterial proteins instructs host CD4 T cell expansion and Th17 development”. PLoS Pathogens. 8(1):e1002499. (PMID: 22275869)

2011  Keestra, A.M. and A.J. Bäumler. “Host defenses trigger Salmonella’s arsenal”. Cell Host & Microbe. 9:167-168.

2011  Keestra, A.M., M.G. Winter, D. Klein-Douwel, M.N. Xavier, S.E. Winter, A. Kim, R.M. Tsolis and A.J. Bäumler. “A Salmonella virulence factor activates the Nod1/Nod2 Signaling Pathway”. mBIO. 2:e00266-11.

2011  Thiennimitr, P., S.E. Winter, M.G. Winter, M.N. Xavier, V. Tolstikov, D.L. Huseby, T. Sterzenbach, R.M. Tsolis, J.R. Roth, A.J. Bäumler. “Intestinal inflammation allows Salmonella to utilize ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 108:17480-17485.

2011  Fookes, M., G.N. Schroeder, G. Langridge, C.J. Blondel, C. Mammina, G.S. Vernikos, K.S. Robinson, N.K. Petty, R.A. Kingsley, A.J. Bäumler, S.-P. Nuccio, I. Contreras, C.A. Santiviago, D. Maskell, P. Barrow, T. Humphrey, A. Nastasi, M. Roberts, G. Frankel, J. Parkhill, G. Dougan, N.R. Thomson. “Salmonella bongori provides insights into the evolution of the salmonellae”. PLOS Pathogens. 7: e1002191.

2010  Winter, S.E., A.M. Keestra, R.M. Tsolis and A.J. Bäumler. “The blessings and curses of intestinal inflammation”. Cell Host & Microbe 8:36-43.

2010  Winter S.E., P. Thiennimitr, M.G. Winter, B. Butler, D.L. Huseby, R.W. Crawford, J.M. Russell, C.L. Bevins, L.G. Adams, R.M. Tsolis, J.R. Roth and A.J. Bäumler. “Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella”. Nature. 467:426-429.

2010  Winter, S.E., M.G. Winter, I. Godinez, H.-J. Yang, H. Rüssmann, H.L. Andrews-Polymenis, A.J. Bäumler. “A rapid change in virulence gene expression during the transition from the intestinal lumen into tissue promotes systemic dissemination of Salmonella”. PLOS Pathogens. 6: e1001060.

Technicians

  • Briana Young (Lab Manager)
  • Henry Nguyen
  • Mariela A. Gonzalez

Ph.D. Students

  • Lillian Zhang
  • Brittany Miller
  • Megan Liou
  • Connor Tiffany
  • Andrew Rogers
  • Scott Mahan

Postdocs

  • Hannah Savage, D.V.M., Ph.D.
  • Eric Velazquez, D.V.M., Ph.D.
  • Jee-Yon Lee, M.D., Ph.D.
  • Anaïs Larabi, Ph.D.
  • Lauren Radlinski, Ph.D.
  • Alfredo Chavez-Arroyo, Ph.D.

Former Ph.D. Students

  • Tracy L. Nicholson (Currently Microbiologist at USDA, Ames, Iowa)
  • Stacy M. Townsend (Currently Sen. Research Microbiologist, BioSTAR West, Claremont, CA)
  • Andrea D. Humphries
  • R. Paul Wilson (Currently Investigator at GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA)
  • Ivan Godinez (Illumina)
  • Alanna Spees
  • Parameth Thiennimitr, M.D. (Currently Assistant Professor at Chiang Mai University, Thailand)
  • Sean-Paul Nuccio (Currently Assistant Project Scientist at UC San Diego)
  • Dawn Kingsbury (Currently Postdoctoral Research Associate at Iowa State University)
  • Fabian Rivera (Currently Assistant Professor, University of California, San Diego)
  • Christopher Lopez (Currently Assistant Professor, California State University, Sacramento)
  • Stephanie Cevallos (Currently senior scientist at Mirimus Inc., New York)

Former Postdocs and Visiting Professors

  • Robert A. Kingsley, Ph.D. (Research Leader, Quadram Institute, UK)
  • Helene Andrews-Polymenis, D.V.M., Ph.D. (Currently. Professor at Texas A&M University)
  • Manuela Raffatellu, M.D. (Currently Professor at the University of California, San Diego)
  • Caleb Dorsey, Ph.D. (Currently Research Associate, ConjuGon, Madison, WI)
  • Mustafa Akçelik, Ph.D. (Currently Associate Professor, University of Ankara, Turkey)
  • Renato de Lima Santos, D.V.M., Ph.D. (Currently Professor, UFMG, Brasil)
  • Daniela Chessa, Ph.D. (Currently Research Associate, University Sassari, Italy)
  • Takeshi Haneda, Ph.D. (Currently Assistant Professor, Kitasato University, Japan)
  • Çagla Tükel, Ph.D. (Currently Associate Professor at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA)
  • Robert Crawford, Ph.D. (Currently Assistant Professor at California State University, Sacramento)
  • Torsten Sterzenbach, Ph.D. (Currently Research Scientist at Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden)
  • Sebastian E. Winter, Ph.D. (Currently Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, and Immunology, UC Davis)
  • Marijke Keestra-Gounder, Ph.D. (Currently Assistant Professor at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO)
  • Franziska Faber, Ph.D. (Currently Professor at the University of Würzburg, Germany)
  • Tamding Wangdi, Ph.D. (Currently Staff Scientist at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis)
  • Erin Olsen, Ph.D. (Currently Assistant Professor California State University Sacramento)
  • Mariana Byndloss, D.V.M., Ph.D. (Currently Assistant Professor at Vanderbilt)
  • Woongjae Yoo, Ph.D. (Currently postdoctoral fellow at Vanderbilt University)
  • Kyung Ku Jang, Ph.D. (Currently postdoctoral fellow at New York University)
  • Yael Litvak (Currently Assistant Professor at Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel)
  • Hirotaka Hiyoshi, Ph.D. (Currently Assistant Professor at Nagasaki University, Japan)

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