Shoulder replacement involves replacing some or all of your shoulder joint with a prosthetic (artificial) joint. Most shoulder replacements last 10-15 years, or longer in some cases.

Generally, people report very good outcomes. But how do you know if a shoulder replacement is right for you? Our orthopedic shoulder and elbow surgeon Mariano Menendez answers some of the top questions about shoulder replacement surgery.

What are some signs and symptoms that you may need a shoulder replacement?

In general, if you have severe shoulder pain that doesn't get better with rest or medicine, you might benefit from a shoulder replacement. Here are some signs to watch for:

  • Pain all the time, even when you're resting or sleeping.
  • Trouble moving your arm, like lifting it to comb your hair or reach a shelf.
  • Weakness in your shoulder or arm.
  • Stiffness, making it hard to move your shoulder normally.
  • Grinding or clicking sounds when you move your shoulder.
  • Pain that stops you from doing daily activities, like getting dressed or carrying things.

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What age is best for a shoulder replacement?

There is no perfect age for a shoulder replacement. It really depends more on your pain and how much it limits your life and daily activities, than your age.

That said, many people who have this surgery are between 60 and 85 years old. But younger people may also need it if their shoulder is badly damaged and causing a lot of pain and limitations.

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What's the success rate of shoulder replacement surgery?

Shoulder replacement surgery has a high success rate. Most people experience significant pain relief and improved movement.

In general, about 90-95% of patients have less pain and better function after surgery. Satisfaction rates are typically above 85-90%, meaning most people are happy with their results.

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What is the recovery time for a shoulder replacement? What are the stages of recovery after shoulder replacement surgery?

Recovery time after a shoulder replacement varies, but most people take several months to fully heal.

Here's a general timeline of the typical recovery time after shoulder replacement surgery:

First Few Weeks After Surgery

  • You will wear a sling to protect the shoulder.
  • Pain and swelling are common but improve with time.
  • You should start gentle movement with a physical therapist.

6-12 Weeks After Surgery

  • The sling is usually removed after four to six weeks.
  • You will do more motion exercises in physical therapy.
  • Many daily activities, like getting dressed and eating, become easier.

3-6 Months After Surgery

  • Most people feel much less pain and have better movement.
  • You will do more strength exercises in physical therapy.
  • You can return to light activities and some sports.

Full Recovery (6-12 Months After Surgery)

  • Strength and flexibility continue to improve.
  • Most people can return to normal daily activities without pain.

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What are the downsides of having a shoulder replacement?

Shoulder replacement surgery may not be right for everyone. Also, people with certain health conditions (like severe heart or lung disease) may not be good candidates for surgery.

This surgery can be very effective, but like any surgery, it has downsides. Here are some things to consider:

Recovery Time

Healing takes months. You will need a good amount of physical therapy to regain strength and movement. You also may not be able to lift heavy objects or do certain activities for a while.

Surgical Risks

As with any surgery, there are risks. For shoulder replacement surgery, those risks include:

  • Infection: Although rare, any surgery carries a risk of infection.
  • Stiffness or weakness: Some people may not regain full movement.
  • Nerve injury: There is a small risk of nerve damage, which can affect arm strength or sensation.
  • Prosthetic dislocation: The artificial joint can dislocate, meaning the ball of the joint slips out of place. This is a serious complication that patients should be aware of before surgery. If dislocation happens, it may need to be reset in the emergency department. In some cases, this may require another surgery.

Fracture Around the Implant

A fracture (broken bone) can happen around the implant, either during surgery or later due to a fall or injury. This is more common in older patients or those with weaker bones (osteoporosis). Small fractures may heal on their own, but larger fractures may require another surgery to fix the bone or replace the implant.

Artificial Joint Wear and Tear

The replacement joint can wear out over time, especially in younger or very active people. If it fails, another surgery may be needed, but repeat surgeries are more complicated.

Is shoulder replacement surgery the best option to treat arthritis in the shoulder?

Shoulder replacement surgery is the last resort after trying other treatment options for shoulder arthritis. If your arthritis is mild to moderate, non-surgical treatments might be enough. However, it is the most effective treatment and can greatly reduce pain and increase movement. Talk to your specialist about whether a shoulder replacement is right for you.

How can I see a specialist at UC Davis Health to discuss shoulder replacement?

Your primary care provider can refer you to an orthopedic shoulder surgeon at UC Davis Health. Once you schedule an appointment, our specialists can help determine if shoulder replacement is right for you.

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This blog was written by orthopaedic shoulder surgeon Mariano Menendez. He specializes in treating patients with shoulder and elbow issues at the C Street Sports Medicine Clinic in Sacramento, as well as the Edwards Family Athletics Center in Davis, Calif.