Does fidgeting help people with ADHD focus?

A young girl sits at a school desk, balancing a pencil between her nose and her lip while looking up at the ceiling.

Does fidgeting help people with ADHD focus?

MIND Institute expert shares the link between movement and attention

(SACRAMENTO)

Fidgeting is a common trait of ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Whether it’s picking at fingernails or tapping a foot, many people with ADHD tend to move more often than those without the condition.

Fidgeting and focus

• Research shows fidgeting can help children and adults focus on tasks.
• Fidgeting can include twirling your hair, doodling, chewing gum, swaying feet or clicking a pen.
• Experts say breaking up long tasks with movement, such as a walk, can help people with ADHD stay focused.

There may be a very good reason for that, according to Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Julie Schweitzer. A UC Davis MIND Institute faculty member, she has studied the link between ADHD and fidgeting for many years. “We have good evidence that fidgeting itself seems to be associated with better attention,” Schweitzer said.

Her research has found that fidgeting can help both young people and adults with ADHD focus on a task.

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental condition. Key symptoms include trouble paying attention, being easily distracted and impulsive behavior. Some people may be overly active, or hyperactive. It is usually a lifelong condition.

A woman with medium-length brown hair, wearing a gray suit and black shirt smiles in front of a bookcase.
What was really interesting was the longer the task went on, the greater the effect of the fidgeting. So, as attention wanes, people fidget more and perhaps this helps maintain focus and regulation.”Julie Schweitzer, professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

What is fidgeting and does it help people with ADHD focus?

Schweitzer uses the term “intrinsic fidgeting” — moving your body in small ways.

“It tends to be things like legs dangling and moving the foot back and forth. It can be doodling. It can be twirling your hair. It could be rocking back and forth in your seat or clicking your pen,” Schweitzer explained. “It is usually a repetitive movement that doesn’t seem to serve a function on the surface.”

But in some people, there is evidence that it does serve an important function. Schweitzer’s previous research found that fidgeting improved cognitive performance in children with ADHD.

A few months ago, her lab also published a paper that found fidgeting has the same benefit in adults. They studied how well 70 adults with ADHD performed various tasks while measuring fidgeting and movement.

“We found that adults did better on cognitive tasks with intrinsic fidgeting. What was really interesting was the longer the task went on, the greater the effect of the fidgeting. So, as attention wanes, people fidget more and perhaps this helps maintain focus and regulation,” Schweitzer said.

She noted that this suggests people with ADHD could benefit from planning a break to incorporate movement into longer tasks.

“A real break — not getting on social media, where you might get stuck for an hour, but maybe stretch or take a walk,” she said.

A man sits at a table, working on a laptop while holding a pen that he is clicking open in one hand.
Intrinsic fidgeting can include things like doodling, twirling your hair, rocking back and forth in a seat or clicking a pen. Research shows these small movements can help people with ADHD focus on a task.

Why do people with ADHD fidget?

Schweitzer said this is something that’s still being studied.

“It’s clearly unconscious for the most part, but it often occurs in situations where people are bored — or on the other end of things, when they’re stressed, anxious or excited, or even intensely thinking.”

She noted that people with ADHD even move more when they are asleep.

Do fidget spinners and other fidgeting devices work?

“We know that intrinsic fidgeting helps people with ADHD focus, but we’re still researching whether devices can deliver the same effect,” Schweitzer said.

Schweitzer and colleagues from UC Santa Cruz are currently studying a “smart” fidget ball — a silicon skeleton with a soft fabric cover — which measures movements while people complete tasks. The study also involves monitoring heart rate.

“Some spinners are highly distracting. If you are going to use a device, choose an item that doesn’t interfere with getting work done or disturb those around you,” Schweitzer said. “It also really depends on the situation.”

Watch Videovideo iconA woman with long dark hair sits at a table in front of two monitors with text “ADHD” and “UC Davis Health.”
Postdoctoral researcher and clinician Catrina Calub explains common ADHD symptoms, treatments, tips and the differences between boys and girls with this common condition.

Fidgeting and students with ADHD at school

Students with diagnosed ADHD may be able to get accommodations at school to allow for movement to occur.

“It’s a paradigm shift,” Schweitzer said. “We need to stop the shame and acknowledge that movement, as long as is not disruptive to other students, can be very helpful to students with ADHD.”

Schweitzer noted that there is a lot more to learn about the function of fidgeting.

“There may be an emotional self-regulation aspect to fidgeting as well, and we are also studying if fidgeting can help improve emotional regulation during times of fear, sadness and anger,” Schweitzer said.

The UC Davis MIND Institute in Sacramento, Calif. is a unique, interdisciplinary research, clinical, and education center committed to deepening scientific understanding of autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions. It is a highly collaborative center, bringing together families, researchers, clinicians, community leaders and volunteers with the common goal of developing more personalized, equitable, and scientifically proven systems of support and intervention. The institute has major research efforts in autism, fragile X syndrome, chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Down syndrome. More information about the institute and its Distinguished Lecturer Series, including previous presentations in this series, is available on the Web at https://health.ucdavis.edu/mind-institute/.