Oral Cavity

Oral cavity cancer describes a disease in which malignant cancer cells invade the inner lining of the mouth. These tumors are more common in patients with history of heavy tobacco and / or alcohol use, however can also occur in patients without identifiable risk factors. The most common locations for oral cavity cancers to occur are on the tongue, beneath the tongue, and on the gum, though they can occur on any surface within the oral cavity. These tumors typically present with a non-healing mouth ulcer that has been present for more than several weeks. Patients with these tumors can also have pain radiating to the throat or ear and can present with a neck mass.

Evaluation of these tumors involves a careful physical examination of the head and neck and a biopsy of the tumor itself to establish a diagnosis. A flexible fiberoptic exam of the back of the throat may also be necessary for larger tumors or if additional symptoms are present. A CT scan or MRI is typically performed to better assess the mouth and surrounding lymph nodes.

The treatment of early oral cancer almost always requires surgery. The type of operation recommended depends on the individual characteristics of each tumor. Removal of lymph nodes from the neck may also be necessary. In advanced cases, treatment requires a combination of surgery in the mouth and neck, radiation therapy, and, on occasion, chemotherapy. With larger tumors, complex reconstruction may be needed. At UC Davis, we offer cutting edge reconstructive techniques, including free-tissue transfer, in order to restore function and provide the best possible cosmetic result. We work closely with our cancer colleagues in radiation and medical oncology to ensure that our patients get the most up-to-date and best possible care.