research

General Medicine and Bioethics

Research

General Medicine and Bioethics Research

Dr. Erin Noren presents a poster at the 2025 Internal Medicine Research Symposium to a man in a blue shirt.

The UC Davis Health Division of General Medicine and Bioethics is committed to improving patient outcomes and quality of care through innovative research that meets current community needs. Our research addresses health outcome disparities, the primary care provider shortage, opioid addiction and pain management, while prioritizing patient autonomy and ensuring adherence to bioethical standards. Funding for our research is provided by the National Institute for Health (NIH), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Medical Association (AMA), and UC Davis Health. 

Some of our current research projects include investigating: 

  • Overdose in patients co-prescribed opioids and benzodiazepines.
  • Tobacco control policy and cessation, focusing on health services delivery of tobacco treatment, interventions to address tobacco/cancer disparities, and the behavioral impact of smoke and tobacco-free policies.
  • Accelerated competency-based education in primary care programs to address the primary care provider shortage.
  • Disparities in rural health and education in Northern California and Oregon (COMPADRE).
  • Guideline-recommended diabetes testing after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (SUNRISE).
  • Motivational determinants of postpartum lifestyle behaviors, weight retention, and metabolic syndrome (PETALS-2).
  • The effects of visit characteristics on patient-clinician interactions and health outcomes in knee osteoarthritis.
  • The role of bilingualism in cognitive resilience, aging and dementia.
Research Spotlight

Addressing the Primary Care (PC) Physician Shortage

As the region’s only academic health center, a core mission of UC Davis is to meet the Primary Care (PC) workforce needs of California’s rural and urban counties. 

Five presenters stand and pose at the front of a lecture hall.
Latest Publications
  • October 2025

    Discrimination Experiences Among Medical Student

    Students with disabilities with intersecting identities experience different types of discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and sex, emphasizing the importance of addressing multiple, overlapping forms of discrimination in medical education.

    Karina Pereira-Lima, Tonya Fancher, Amy N. Addams, Christopher J. Moreland, Dowin H. Boatright, Lisa M. Meeks. (2025) Discrimination Experiences Among Medical Students. JAMA Network Open 8(10): e2537871. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.37871
    Open Access
  • September 2025

    Extracting language information from clinical notes using large language models

    This study developed and evaluated a named entity recognition (NER) framework that enables automated extraction of nuanced language information from clinical narratives with high accuracy and generalizability. This work supports large-scale, language-focused research and has practical implications for improving patient-provider communication, interpreter service allocation, and equitable healthcare delivery.

    Qian, L., Hong, N., Zhou, Y., Xie, Q., Weng, R.-L., Chairuengjitjaras, P., Du, X., Lian, J., Marshall, G. A., Blackley, S. V., Novoa-Laurentiev, J., Quiroz, Y. T., Kim, T. Y., Adams, N., Dossett, M. L., Zhou, L., & Xu, H. (2026). Extracting language information from clinical notes using large language models. International Journal of Medical Informatics (Shannon, Ireland)205, Article 106116. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2025.106116
    Open Access
  • September 2025

    Multi-site research using electronic health record data

    Multi-site research involving big data from the electronic health record (EHR) requires ample planning and execution time. Adopting a single standardized data use agreement (DUA) and developing data dictionaries that can be shared for research will improve the data acquisition phase of multi-site research studies.

    Garcia, B., Hogarth, M., Wang, Y., Zhu, X., & Tu, S. (2025). Multisite research using electronic health record data: Lessons learned from a case study. Learning Health Systems. doi.org/10.1002/lrh2.70039
    Open Access
  • September 2025

    Race and Disability Characteristics and Accommodation Disparities on the USMLE 1

    Accommodation approvals were less likely for those with psychological or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnoses, diagnoses after medical school matriculation, and those from schools without specialized disability resource professionals (DRPs).

    Mytien Nguyen, MS; Gabriel Abrams, BS; Tiffany Hodgens, Med; Raymond H. Curry, MD; Michael H. Kim, MD; Rylee Betchkal, MA; Christine Low, MSW; Sharad Jain, MD; Shami Tarlanov, MSW; William H. Eidtson, EdD; Caitlyn Coates, MD; Charles Weiner, JD; Tonya Fancher, MD, MPH; Lisa M. Meeks, PhD, MA (2025). Race and Disability Characteristics and Accommodation Disparities on the USMLE Step 1. JAMA Network Open 8(9): e2534621. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.34621
    Open Access
  • September 2025

    Pharmacists in Primary Care: Catalyzing Treatment For Substance Use Disorders

    Primary care settings are crucial as they are often the only point of contact patients may have with healthcare providers. Challenges in primary care related to SUD pharmacotherapy—such as (historical) prescribing restrictions, variable experience in prescribing, workforce shortages, and stigma—continue to restrict timely access to life-saving treatment. Pharmacists are ideal partners to close this gap.

    Tseregounis, I.E., Landefeld, C.C. & Fancher, T.L. Pharmacists in Primary Care: Catalyzing Treatment For Substance Use Disorders. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine (2025). doi.org/10.1007/s11606-025-09850-7
    Open Access
  • September 2025

    Expanding Pathways to Major Journals for Early-Career Researchers

    Interdisciplinary collaboration drives the editorial process, and medical journals are uniquely positioned to meet several emerging needs of early-career researchers.

    Mensah, M. O., Muir, K. J., Travers Altizer, J., Amonoo, H. L., Arons, A., Brown, C. E., McElroy, L. M., & Sims, K. D. (2025). Expanding Pathways to Major Journals for Early-Career Researchers. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. doi.org/10.1001/jama.2025.15022
    UC Davis Library
  • September 2025

    Trauma and resilience in an urban clinic for unhoused young adults

    Mixed methods study explores the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and resilience among unhoused transitional-aged youth (TAY) at an urban medical clinic. 

    Arora S, Ong A, Wilkes M, Aralis H, Sciolla AF. (2025) Trauma and resilience in an urban clinic for unhoused young adults: A mixed methods study. PLOS Mental Health 2(9): e0000392. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000392
    Open Access
  • September 2025

    School Tobacco Policies and Student E-Cigarette Use

    Student knowledge and staff perceptions of policy enforcement were associated with lower e-cigarette use. Findings suggest that consistent enforcement and school-wide communication, not just policy presence, are essential for impact.

    Zheng, S., Stewart, S. L., Tong, E. K., Keegan, T. H., & Dove, M. S. (2025). Student and Staff Knowledge of School Tobacco Policies and Student ECigarette Use, California 20222023. The Journal of School Health. doi.org/10.1111/josh.70077
    Open Access
  • August 2025

    A novel framework for assessing the ethical justification of RCTs

    This paper develops a novel framework for the ethical evaluation of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), explored through the example of trials on endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. In this framework, RCTs are categorized into four quadrants, where justification in each quadrant relates to different thresholds for permissibility (the ethical defensibility of the trial) and necessity (the social and scientific importance of conducting the trial).

    Shamy, M., Ramchandani, R., Dewar, B., Yogendrakumar, V., Shepherd, V., & Fedyk, M. (2025). Permissibility and necessity in the ethical justification of randomized controlled trials: the four quadrants framework and the case of endovascular thrombectomy trials for acute ischemic stroke. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology184, Article 111831. doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111831
    Open Access
  • August 2025

    Medical School Admissions After the 2023 Affirmative Action Ruling

    Cross-sectional study investigates rates of application, acceptance, and matriculation by race and ethnicity into doctor of medicine programs before and after the Supreme Court’s 2023 Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v President and Fellows of Harvard College affirmative action decision.

    Mytien Nguyen, MS; Alexandra M. Hajduk, PhD, MPH; Tonya L. Fancher, MD, MPH; Mark C. Henderson, MD; Jeph Herrin, PhD; David Henderson, MD; Judee Richardson, PhD; Shruthi Venkataraman, MD, MS; Laura Castillo-Page, PhD, MS; Soo-Min Shin, MA; Meghan O’Connell, MPH; Adeola Ayedun, MPH; Dowin Boatright, MD, MBA, MHS; Sarwat I. Chaudhry, MD. (2025) Medical School Admissions After the Supreme Court’s 2023 Affirmative Action Ruling. JAMA Network Open, 8(8): e2527008. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.27008
    Open Access