Leukemia is a term for several cancers affecting your blood and bone marrow. Bone marrow is spongy tissue inside your bones that makes blood cells.

The two most common types of leukemia include:

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Less common types of leukemia include:

• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Leukemia types are based on the cells affected by the cancer and how quickly the cancer grows. Acute leukemias grow and spread more rapidly than chronic leukemias. ALL and AML are the two most common leukemias in children, and AML and CLL are the most common types in adults. 

Leukemia symptoms depend on the type of leukemia and where the leukemia cells collect. Other factors, such as your age and other health conditions, can also affect your symptoms.

If you notice these symptoms in yourself or your child, it doesn’t mean you have leukemia. However, it’s important to see your provider as soon as possible to determine the cause.

Common Symptoms 

The most common signs and symptoms of leukemia include: 

• Abdominal (belly) swelling or fullness 
• Bleeding gums 
• Bruising easily 
• Fatigue or weakness 
• Fevers or frequent illnesses 
• Heavy menstrual periods 
• Pain in your bones or joints 
• Petechiae (tiny, red spots under your skin) 
• Purpura (black, purple or red patches on your skin) 
• Shortness of breath 
• Weight loss without trying 

Leukemia occurs when one of your bone marrow cells mutates (changes into an abnormal cell). This mutated cell divides and forms more mutated cells. Eventually, these abnormal cells outnumber your normal, healthy cells.

Experts do not yet know why these cell mutations occur. A combination of factors, including genetics and environment, may play a role.

Some factors that may increase your risk of leukemia include: 

Our team provides a thorough workup to diagnose or rule out leukemia. We listen to your concerns and perform a physical exam. In some cases, we may order blood tests and a bone marrow biopsy.

UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center offers the latest diagnostic tests including molecular genetic studies, which identify genes and proteins in leukemia cells. With this information, we can tailor your treatment for the best possible outcome.

At UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, our experts have decades of experience treating all types of leukemia. You have access to the most advanced treatments available, including the latest clinical trials.

You receive care from multiple specialists who work together to find the best therapies for your unique needs. We personalize your treatment to your genetics, age and lifestyle. We support your physical and emotional health at every step.

Your treatment options may include: