Pregnancy Health and Nutrition | OB-GYN

Pregnancy Health and Nutrition

We offer nutrition counseling services to expecting mothers to ensure proper nutrition during pregnancy and help unborn babies develop properly in the womb.

Medically reviewed on July 12, 2023.

Midsection of pregnant woman pouring pills in hand from bottle

Healthy Eating During Pregnancy

What you eat during pregnancy affects your health and the health of your unborn baby. Moms-to-be have unique nutritional needs. A healthy diet helps unborn babies grow as they should.

At UC Davis Health, our OB-GYNs and registered dietitians (RDs) work together to ensure you get proper nutrition for a healthy pregnancy. You receive expert care from our OB-GYN program, which U.S. News & World Report rates among the top 25 in the nation.

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Pregnancy Nutrition Services

Registered dietitians at UC Davis Health Food and Nutrition Services provide dietary advice at our outpatient clinics, primary care offices and UC Davis Medical Center. Our experts ensure you get the vitamins and nutrients you and your unborn child need to grow and thrive.

Calcium

Calcium strengthens your baby’s bones and teeth. You need about 1,000 milligrams (mg) of calcium every day. In addition to dairy products, you can get calcium from fortified foods, broccoli, almonds, tofu and green leafy vegetables.

Choline

Choline helps your baby’s brain develop and lowers the risk of certain birth anomalies. To get the recommended 450 mg of choline every day, eat more beef, chicken, eggs, milk, peanuts and soy products.

Folic Acid

Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps prevent neural tube anomalies like spina bifida as a baby forms in your womb. Pregnant women need 600 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. Folic acid is in fortified cereals, breads and orange juice, as well as leafy vegetables. To get the recommended amount, you should take a prenatal vitamin as recommended by your OB-GYN.

Iron

You need 27 mg of iron every day to help your body make the extra blood it needs during pregnancy. You should eat more iron-rich foods like fortified cereals, beef, turkey, tofu, beans and lentils.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish, flaxseed, chia seeds, and walnuts aid your baby’s brain development. Pregnant women can safely eat two to three 4-ounce servings of low-mercury fish each week. Good sources include salmon, shrimp, seabass and tilapia.

Vitamin B

B vitamins are essential for your baby’s eyesight. These vitamins also keep the placenta healthy. Foods high in vitamin B include pork, chicken, eggs, nutritional yeast, beans and whole-grain products.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C gives your immune system a boost so you’re less likely to get sick during pregnancy. It also helps your baby develop strong muscles and bones. Pregnant women need 85 mg of vitamin C every day. Good sources include strawberries, citrus fruits and juices, broccoli and tomatoes.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D and calcium work together to build a baby’s bones and teeth. You need 600 international units (IUs) of vitamin D every day. Choose fortified dairy products and cereals, egg yolks and fatty fish like salmon. Also included are plant-based milks such as oat, almond and soy milks.

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Special Nutrition Needs

Some conditions may require you to follow a special dietary plan during pregnancy. You may need nutrition counseling services if you have:

  • Pregnant mom smiling at young daughter who has her arms wrapped around mom’s belly

    Gestational Diabetes

    Gestational diabetes occurs when your blood sugar levels get too high during pregnancy. Our dietitians can customize a dietary plan that has the right amounts of carbohydrates, grains, protein, fruits and vegetables. This dietary plan will also reduce how much sugar you eat.

  • Medical provider checking blood pressure of a woman in a medical office

    High Blood Pressure and Preeclampsia

    High blood pressure during pregnancy can lead to a condition called preeclampsia. These conditions can slow blood flow to your unborn baby, leading to a low birthweight or early birth. Preeclampsia also puts you at risk for seizures and liver and kidney problems. Our dietitians develop dietary plans that protect you and your unborn baby. You may need to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables while consuming less sodium, caffeine and fried foods.

  • Woman pouring smoothie from a blender into a glass in the kitchen

    Dietary Restrictions

    Certain dietary restrictions can make it harder to get the nutrients you need during pregnancy. Our dietitians can help if your diet is limited due to conditions like celiac disease or a vegetarian diet.

Foods to Avoid During Pregnancy

You should avoid or cut back on certain foods and drinks that may cause pregnancy complications or harm your developing baby.

Alcohol

Alcohol can affect an unborn baby’s growth, leading to birth anomalies and developmental disabilities. Too much alcohol during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol use while pregnant also increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and preterm birth. There is no safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy, so it’s recommended to avoid.

Caffeine

Caffeine can raise your blood pressure and may increase your risk of pregnancy complications. You should limit caffeine from beverages like coffee, tea and sodas to no more than 200 mg a day. That is equal to a 12-ounce cup of coffee.

Fish High in Mercury

High mercury levels found in certain fish can affect your unborn baby’s brain, hearing and vision. Pregnant women shouldn’t eat certain types of fish, such as swordfish, king mackerel and orange roughy. You should also limit white (albacore) tuna to 4 ounces per week.

"Advice About Eating Fish," U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), https://www.fda.gov/media/102331/download

"Health Tips for Pregnant Women," National Institutes of Health (NIH), https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-pregnant-women?dkrd=/health-information/weight-management/health-tips-pregnant-women

"Alcohol Use During Pregnancy," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/alcohol-use.html

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